A Salesforce Object is basically a table comprising of rows and columns something similar to what you might have seen in an excel sheet.
Salesforce Object = Table (worksheet in excel)
Salesforce Record = Row in Excel
Salesforce Field = Column in Excel
Now you can think of this excel sheet as a Salesforce Org (this analogy is more for understanding purpose Only, since there are more bells and whistles to the Salesforce as a CRM than one can expect)
PROFILE
Now Profiles in salesforce are primarily used to show/hide (and some additional things like Create, Read, Update, Delete a field value in an object) the fields and objects to a selective set of Users.
If i follow the above image,I will create Profile 1 to show Object3,Object 4 along with field 1 to 10 from both the objects and assign it to User 1, User 2 and User 3 rest all columns and Objects will not be visible to User 1, User 2 and User 3.
I will create Profile 2 to show Object3,Object 4 along with field 11 to 18 from both the objects and assign it to User 4, User 5 rest all columns and Objects will not be visible to User 1, User 2 and User 3.
i will create Profile 3 to show Object2, Object 5 along with field 1 to 10 from both the objects and assign it to User 6, User 7 and User 8 rest all columns and Objects will not be visible toUser 6, User 7 and User 8
And how am I able to provide such accesses using profiles to different Objects and column to different users. Because i am assigned the System Administrator profile which has access to all the Objects and Fields in the Application Old as well as newly getting created.
A Profile is required to create a User in Salesforce
Organization WIDE Default(OWD) & Sharing Rule
OWD and Sharing Rule are Primarily used to share the records of an Object and Roles(which are associated on User Records, how to create Roles is a topic for another blog post)
OWD defines the primary rule about the record(row) visibility of an Object e.g it can be Public/Private(there are other settings as well, but for the sake of simplicity we will go with these two) . If it is Public(Public Read/Write) all users in the Organization can view the records of the Objects.
If it is Private(record is not visible to anyone beyond the creator of that record) .
Then you can create SHARING RULES based on discussion with business counterparts to decides which records need to be made visible and based on what criteria.
For Example, I create sharing rule based on the criteria of row number assign and assign the sharing rule to role "CEO" thus making the records visible to the user assigned the CEO.
Sharing rule is more of a bucket which gathers a set of records based on certain criteria and then those records are opened to a specific role. This way the record sharing is independent of the user record and can be easily manipulated to provide or remove the record access as per need or in case of Organization restructuring.
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